How extreme heat impacts vulnerable St. Martin communities
From schoolchildren in sweltering classrooms, to elders with pre-existing conditions, multiple communities in St. Martin face disproportionate health risks due to mounting days of extreme heat.
To understand their daily experiences and desired interventions, the Feelin' Hot Caribbean climate resilience project set out to interview members of the most vulnerable communities, from June-July of 2025.
Portraits of St. Martin survey participants, by Sahar Thomson/Feelin' Hot
The heat that we have on St. Martin now is not the heat that we had here 15 years ago, or maybe even even 10 years ago. Formerly, the heat would start around noon and persons would avoid going out for long periods of time and being exposed to the sun. Now, it's hot from nine o'clock in the morning - the sun is already scorching. The climate has really, really changed.
— Elder
43% of respondents described experiencing heat stress symptoms or witnessing symptoms in their students or patients
In St. Martin, when it's hot - it's really hot, like the sun don't play and it's making you sick, like you want to sometimes throw up.
— Youth participant in the 18-24 group
When you fall asleep and the power goes out - the fans stop, the heat just creeps in and you can't fall back asleep.
I mostly walk...sometimes I will get dizzy, the heat will just make me feel like I want to fall down.
— Outdoor worker and youth participant in the 13-17 group
61% of working respondents said that heat adversely impacted them on the job
The two hours of class can be extremely long when it's hot. It's over-stimulating, having to cater to all of these needs while also trying to cater to yourself. You don't want to say it or show it, because we always put the children first, but it comes out eventually.
— Teacher
When it's too hot, you kind of get a bit disoriented in your work. Things become harder, you forget more. It is not so much of a big change, but it is a difference.
— Caregiver
We do work that is physically quite intense, you get overheated quickly.
— Caregiver
Interviews with educators focused on the systemic impact of heat in schools, while questions posed directly to youth involved their experiences with heat in various settings.
Two dozen educators, including 22 teachers and 2 coaches, answered questions on learning conditions; disparities in vulnerability among student populations; the affect of heat on students' performance; and coping mechanisms used to mitigate its impact.88% of educators said heat adversely impacted students' attention or peformance
There is a slight heat wave going on on the island right now. And, I have had situations in the classes where the heat does get a bit overwhelming at times.
Some of the children are able to stand the heat, but some of them - oftentimes, while you're teaching, they lay down. Not because they're being unresponsive, but just because of the heat. They might have a headache. They might not be feeling well throughout the heat in the class. So, that has been noticeable in classes the last couple of days.
— Teacher
My classroom has two air conditioners, however presently only one of them works, so the class is usually hot.
The children are vocal, they'll complain: 'Teacher, it's hot'. 'Teacher, my hands are sweaty and I have to write all of these notes'. 'It's hot, I cannot do this', or 'I feel tired, I feel weak.'
And, then they drink a lot of water; and when they drink a lot of water, they need to use the bathroom, so there's a lot of traffic, a lot of movement. And I am not going to tell a child, 'You can't drink water', knowing how hot it is.
— Teacher
We have realized the importance of the air conditioners, but with air conditioning also comes the bill, so we are trying to balance both.
— Teacher
More than two dozen teens and young adults answered survey questions, providing insights on their experiences with heat at home, while commuting and, as applicable, at work. Participants fell in either a teen group, ages 13-17, or a young adult group, ages 18-24.
82% of youth responses indicated sleep issues due to heat
72% of youth responses entailed a household health impact due to heat
38% of youth survey responses indicated a reliance on transportion modes that lack cooling
I immediately wake up when the A/C goes off. The heat gives me a lot of headaches.
I walk with my mini-fan everywhere I go. At different stop points, I think we should have more trees, so you can rest under the shade.
— Youth participant in the 13-17 group
I live on the concrete, so the heat is terrible. Sometimes the heat is so bad that even with the A/C on, I wake up in sweat.
— Youth participant in the 18-24 group
The last two summers it was very evident. We had a heat wave twice in the summer and that really affected how active our clients were. They were really not able to perform on their regular level. It was very difficult.
— Nursing home caregiver
I'm asthmatic, so the heat affects me. I will always be able to relate to a client that is saying that they feel overheated, because that's how I feel sometimes. We have to really keep an eye on them, because they are not always the most mobile clients and also not the most vocal.
— Nursing home caregiver
You can advise [clients to use A/C], but it doesn't mean that it will be carried out, or that it's even possible financially. Your hands are tied at times, given the situation that you would encounter in the home. They deserve better, but they just can't afford it.
— Caregiver with home-based clients
I come in the A/C for a while. But I can't afford to run it for a long time.
— Elder
The situation on the island where safety is a challenge, in my opinion, is contributing towards the discomfort of heat. You gotta make sure you close the door, because you never know who's walking up the road. Whereas in some places, that is not the case - you can leave your whole house open. Economic situations and circumstances has forced us in this generation to have to live more carefully.
— Elder
I don't think I would make it if I had to sleep with only a fan. I'm serious.
— Elder
Each of the survey participants were invited to weigh in on solutions needed to mitigate the impact of heat on St. Martin. The vast majority of respondents, 84%, suggested at least one intervention to help with the heat. Among a range of specific proposals: Increased access to personal a/c; shade in various forms; and affordable/renewable energy were the most prevalent themes to emerge.
24% of suggested solutions involved increasing or maintaining shade, from the creation of bus shelters to the preservation of trees
20% of suggested solutions sought increased access to personal a/c
14% of suggested solutions entailed requests for cleaner and/or cheaper energy
There's a lot of places that don't have any shade at all. You're traveling in spaces where you want to take a break, but you can't take a break - there's no shade.
— Youth participant in the 18-24 group
Solar could help everybody have A/C in the home. Then they wouldn't have to pay the electricity company all these tons of money.
— Elder
Maybe the government could take the initiative to add some cooling stations around the island, where they know that people are standing for a long period of time, for example, bus stops.
— Youth participant in the 18-24 group
What what we are not doing enough is informing people - the elderly and the population in general, but in particular children - about the dangers of heat and heat waves.
Hopefully out of this comes some kind of program to inform people of the dangers of the heat, because it's becoming unbearable. And not everybody has the luxury of having an air conditioner.
— Elder
I want people to acknowledge climate change. I don't know if people aren't educated or they don't care. The proof is there. But people are not acknowledging it. And because people are not acknowledging it, they don't want to take the steps necessary to help us. It's getting worse.
— Teacher
Feelin' Hot is a UNESCO-funded initiative that leverages cutting-edge satellite technology to create climate heat maps for Aruba, Curaçao, St. Martin, and Jamaica. The project aims to empower communities with data-driven insights that can inform future urban planning and climate adaptation decisions. For more information about the project's heat mapping, visit feelinghot.org.
Feelin’ Hot developed three different surveys for the project, in which variations of questions regarding the impact of heat at home, work and school related to distinct participant populations. Composed of open-ended questions, the surveys allowed respondents to provide an unlimited number of answers and did not require respondents to answer every question in order to be included. A local surveyor conducted the interviews, in both one-on-one and group settings, and, with participants’ consent, recorded their responses. Over the course of 95 interviews, a total of 101 people participated.
The most 50 frequent words used during survey interviews, visualized via WordStream
The surveyor recorded the interviews and inputted participants' responses as codes. An analyst listened to each interview at least twice, in order to validate the data; and recorded perceived exacerbating and mitigating factors noted by participants in response to survey questions. Using the Python programming language: Each set of responses to each survey question were analyzed and visualized by group type, count and percentage; along with participants' locations. The audio files were transcribed, with the assistance of a pre-trained AI model, and analyzed for symptoms of heat stress. Transcript excerpts on this site have been edited for length and clarity.
Survey data analysis, visualization & site: Sarah Macaraeg
Surveyor: Sahar Thomson
St. Martin sunset: Photo by David Berkowitz / CC BY 2.0 / Wikimedia Commons
Survey participants: Portraits by Sahar Thomson / Feelin' Hot
Restaurant workers at a Lolo in Grand Case: Photo by David Berkowitz / CC BY 2.0 / / Wikimedia Commons
Schoolchildren at the Amuseum Naturalis: Photo by Mark Yokoyama / CC BY-NC-ND 2.0 / Flickr
Caregivers: Photo via St. Maarten Medical Center press release
Cay Hill: Photo by giggel / CC BY 3.0 / Wikimedia Commons
Bus stop shelter with solar panel in St. Martin: Photo by Joe Shlabotnik / CC BY-NC-SA 2.0 / Flickr
Philipsburg bus: Photo by Paul Sableman / CC BY 2.0 / Wikimedia Commons
All photos have been optimized for the web and otherwise used without modification